Not for sale in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic! "Inferences with Ignorance" focuses on two formal logic systems that employ the type of inferences in which questions are used in addition to statements. Not merely capturing questions as...

From Blaise Pascal in the 1600s to Charles Babbage in the first half of the nineteenth century, inventors struggled to create the first calculating machines. All failed – but that does not mean we cannot learn from the trail of ideas, correspondence,...

The field of weak arithmetics is an application of logical methods to number theory that was developed by mathematicians, philosophers, and theoretical computer scientists. This third volume in the weak arithmetics collection contains nine substantiv...

Most current fishing practices are neither economically nor biologically sustainable. Every year, the world spends $80 billion buying fish that cost $105 billion to catch, even as heavy fishing places growing pressure on stocks that are already strug...

Monkey see, monkey do – or does she? Can the behavior of non-human primates – their sociality, their intelligence, their communication – really be chalked up to simple mimicry? Emphatically, absolutely: no. And as famed primatologist Julia Fischer re...

Earth has been witness to mammoths and dinosaurs, global ice ages, continents colliding or splitting apart, comets and asteroids crashing catastrophically to the surface, as well as the birth of humans who are curious to understand it all. But how wa...

During the Victorian period, the practice of science shifted from a religious context to a naturalistic one. It is generally assumed that this shift occurred because naturalistic science was distinct from and superior to theistic science. As Huxley's...

In many ways, Marie Curie represents modern science. Her considerable lifetime achievements – the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize, the only woman to be awarded the Prize in two fields, and the only person to be awarded Nobel Prizes in multipl...

Duhem's 1908 essay questions the relation between physical theory and metaphysics and, more specifically, between astronomy and physics-an issue still of importance today. He critiques the answers given by Greek thought, Arabic science, medieval Chri...

Our stories of industrial innovation tend to focus on individual initiative and breakthroughs. With "Making Jet Engines in World War II", Hermione Giffard uses the case of the development of jet engines to offer a different way of understanding techn...