The fringe is the contemporary city 'in-between space', in which urban and periurban features interweave. In European cities, this transitional belt often matches with the Post World War II expansion. Nowadays, the urban fringe, generally in decline,...

"Facies" refers to the ability of architecture to enable, by means of its outward appearance, interaction between the space occupied by the building and the setting within which it is found. Architecture, Gio Ponti argues, is made to be looked at, b...