Stockholm Paradigm
Climate Change and Emerging Disease
The contemporary crisis of emerging disease has been a century and a half in the making. Human, veterinary, and crop health practitioners convinced themselves that disease could be controlled by medicating the sick, vaccinating those at risk, and eradicating the parts of the biosphere responsible for disease transmission. Evolutionary biologists assured themselves that coevolution between pathogens and hosts provided a firewall against disease emergence in new hosts. Most climate scientists made no connection between climate changes and disease. None of these traditional perspectives anticipated the onslaught of emerging infectious diseases confronting humanity today. As this book reveals, a new understanding of the evolution of pathogen-host systems, called the Stockholm Paradigm, explains what is happening. The planet is a minefield of pathogens with preexisting capacities to infect susceptible but unexposed hosts, needing only the opportunity for contact. Climate change has always been the major catalyst for such new opportunities, because it disrupts local ecosystem structure and allows pathogens and hosts to move. Once pathogens expand to new hosts, novel variants may emerge, each with new infection capacities. Mathematical models and real-world examples uniformly support these ideas. Emerging disease is thus one of the greatest climate change-related threats confronting humanity. While time is short, the danger is great, and we are largely unprepared, "The Stockholm Paradigm" offers hope for managing the crisis. By using the DAMA (document, assess, monitor, act) protocol, we can "anticipate to mitigate" emerging disease, buying time and saving money while we search for more effective ways to cope with this challenge.
About the Author
Daniel R. Brooks is a senior research associate of the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology at the University of Nebraska State Museum. Among his many books, he is co-author of "Evolution as Entropy"; "Phylogeny, Ecology, and Behavior"; and "The Nature of Diversity", all published by the University of Chicago Press.
Eric P. Hoberg is a field biologist, biogeographer, and parasitologist with appointments in the Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, and in the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Walter A. Boeger is full professor and coordinator in the Laboratory of Evolutionary Parasitology at the Universidade Federal do Parana in Curitiba, Brazil, a senior research fellow of the Harold W. Manter Laboratory at University of Nebraska, and an investigator with the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil.
