States in sub-Saharan Africa, as anywhere else, are vested with the authority to implement laws and sanction their application. But in spite of a growing emphasis in Africa on participatory approaches to legislation, little research has focused on th...

For sale in CIS only! Borno (in northeast Nigeria) is notorious today as the home of an Islamist terrorist group, Boko Haram, whose insurgency is a major security threat, but it was once the heartland of the Kanuri-speaking royal empire of Kanem-Bor...

For sale in CIS only! What happened after Africa's biggest country split in two? When South Sudan ran up its flag in July 2011 two new nations came into being. In South Sudan the joy of independence vanished quickly: the former rebel movement ruling...

Portuguese paratroopers or "paras" began as a stepchild of the army and found a home in the Portuguese Air Force in 1955. Initially, the post-World War Two Portuguese Army seemed to have had mixed emotions about the need for elite, special-purpose fo...

For sale in CIS only! Nairobi's Eastleigh estate has undergone profound change over the past two decades. Previously a quiet residential zone, the arrival of vast numbers of Somali refugees catalysed its transformation into 'Little Mogadishu', a glo...