Multiple Antiquities – Multiple Modernities

Antiquity, as the term has been understood and used over the centuries by scholars, political and religious figures, and ordinary citizens, is far from a single, monolithic concept. Rather than reflecting a stable, shared understanding about the past and its meaning, the idea of antiquity is instead varying and multiple, taking on different meanings and deployed to different effects depending on the context in which it is being considered. In this volume, historians from a wide range of specialties offer a comparative assessment of the multiple perceptions of antiquity that have shaped modern European cultures and national identities, deploying a new methodological approach, histoire croisee, which considers these questions in light of the development of cultural diversity across Europe.


Contents:


Introduction


The General Framework

Philhellenism, Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism – Glenn W. Most
We and the Greeks – Francois Hartog


Historiography and Philology

Classical Philology and the Making of Modernity in Germany – Pierre Judet de La Combe
Philology in Germany: Textual or Cultural Scholarship? – Michael Werner
Classical Scholarship in Nineteenth-Century Hungary: A Case Study in histoire croisee – Zsigmond Ritook
Reshaping the "Classical Tradition" to Question the European Political Order: Polish Case Studies – Jerzy Axer
From Historia Magistra Vitae to History as Empirical Experimentation of Progress – Chryssanthi Avlami
National Antiquities in East-Central Europe: Three Variations on a Leading Theme – Monika Baar
The Myth of Scythian Origin and the Cult of Attila in the Nineteenth Century – Gabor Klaniczay
Differentiation in Entanglement: Debates on Antiquity, Ethnogenesis and Identity in Nineteenth-Century Bulgaria – Diana Mishkova
Relocating Ithaca: Alternative Antiquities in Modern Bulgarian Political Discourse – Balazs Trencsenyi


Archaeology and Historiography

The "Antiquitates" of the Greco-Roman World and Their Effect on Antiquarian Thought in Europe from the Renaissance to the Early Nineteenth Century – Alain Schnapp
Contested Origins: French and German Views of a Shared Archaeological Heritage in Lorraine – Bonnie Effros
From Ruins to Heritage: The Past Perfect and the Idealized Antiquity in North Africa – Nabila Oulebsir
A Periphery on the Periphery of the Ancient World: The Discovery of Nubia in the Nineteenth Century – Laszlo Torok
Disciplinary Identity and Autonomy at the Beginnings of Archaeology in Romania – Gheorghe Alexandru Niculescu
Entangled Histories in South-East Europe: Memory and Archaeology – Bozidar Slapsak


Entangled Objects, Entangled Scales

Quest for Homer(s) between Philology, Poetry, and Ethnography: Appropriations of Antiquity in the Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Balkans – Svetlana Slapsak
Illyrian Heroes, Roman Emperors and Christian Martyrs: The Construction of a Croatian Archaeology between Rome and Vienna, 1815-1918 – Daniel Baric
The Orient's Obtuse Antiquity – Aziz Al-Azmeh
From Republican to Imperial: The Survival and Perception of Antiquity in American Thought – Tibor Frank


Cultural Appropriation and Social Diffusion of Antiquity

Goethe and Homer – Hendrik Birus
Karl Ottfried Muller and the "Patriotic" Study of Religion – Eva Kocziszky
Ex Ossibus Ultor: Virgil, Ezekiel and the Transformation of the Polish National Idea after 1795 – Maciej Janowski
The Myth of Sparta in Juliusz Slowacki and Cyprian Norwid's Dramas: Romantic Reinterpretation of Greek Heritage – the Polish Variant – Maria Kalinowska
Classical Philology in Hungary in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century and the Reception of Classical Greek Theater – Gyorgy Karsai
Classical Rhetoric between Public Education and the Education of the Public in Nineteenth-Century Hungary – Otto Gecser

Contributors
Index