England's Great Transformation
Law, Labor, and the Industrial Revolution
With "England's Great Transformation", Marc W. Steinberg throws a wrench into our understanding of the English Industrial Revolution, largely revising the thesis at heart of Karl Polanyi's landmark "The Great Transformation". The conventional wisdom has been that in the nineteenth century, England quickly moved toward a modern labor market where workers were free to shift from employer to employer in response to market signals. Expanding on recent historical research, Steinberg finds to the contrary that labor contracts, centered on insidious master-servant laws, allowed employers and legal institutions to work in tandem to keep employees in line. Building his argument on three case studies – the Hanley pottery industry, Hull fisheries, and Redditch needlemakers – Steinberg employs both local and national analyses to emphasize the ways in which these master-servant laws allowed employers to use the criminal prosecutions of workers to maintain control of their labor force. Steinberg provides a fresh perspective on the dynamics of labor control and class power, integrating the complex pathways of Marxism, historical institutionalism, and feminism, and giving readers a subtle, yet revelatory new understanding of workplace control and power during England's Industrial Revolution.
About the Author
Marc W. Steinberg is professor of sociology at Smith College. He is the author of "Fighting Words: Working-Class Formation, Collective Action and Discourse in Early Nineteenth-Century England". He lives in Massachusetts.
Reviews
"Steinberg's meticulous study rethinks the relationship between the labor process and the state, between market and society, and between base and superstructure during Britain's industrial revolution. The law was thoroughly embedded in relations of production, and in ways that varied with local configurations of technology, labor requirements, and political power. That finding leads Steinberg to uncover other surprises: 'free labor' came to England later than usually thought, and it came with the backing of organized labor seeking protection, not by, but from the state. The book is compelling reading for students of labor, political economy, and comparative-historical sociology" – Jeffrey M. Haydu, University of California, San Diego
"This is a major and extremely valuable work of scholarship. Through rigorous analysis, Steinberg develops a new argument of central importance to sociologists and social scientists. Steinberg argues that a fully modern employment structure did not emerge in England until the beginning of the twentieth century – a finding that has important implications for understanding the formation of the English working class and how this differs from the European Continent" – Fred Block, University of California, Davis
"Steinberg returns us to the question of labor control in nineteenth-century England, and in meticulous detail shows how the law becomes an instrument of capitalist exploitation. 'England's Great Transformation's' focus on the legal basis of work organization is not only of historical significance – it is as pertinent to today's on-demand economy as it is to Chinese state capitalism. A thrilling book that plunges into the important debates about the nature of workplace politics" – Michael Burawoy, University of California, Berkeley
