Generations and Collective Memory
When discussing large social trends or experiences, we tend to group people into generations. But what does it mean to be part of a generation, and what gives that group meaning and coherence? It's collective memory, say Amy Corning and Howard Schuman, and in "Generations and Collective Memory", they draw on an impressive range of research to show how generations share memories of formative experiences, and how understanding the way those memories form and change can help us understand society and history. Their key finding – built on historical research and interviews in the United States and seven other countries (including China, Japan, Germany, Lithuania, Russia, Israel, and Ukraine) – is that our most powerful generational memories are of shared experiences in adolescence and early adulthood, like the 1963 Kennedy assassination for those born in the 1950s or the fall of the Berlin Wall for young people in 1989. But there are exceptions to that rule, and they're significant: Corning and Schuman find that epochal events in a country, like revolutions, override the expected effects of age, affecting citizens of all ages with a similar power and lasting intensity. The picture Corning and Schuman paint of collective memory and its formation is fascinating on its face, but it also offers intriguing new ways to think about the rise and fall of historical reputations and attitudes toward political issues.
Contents:
Preface
Authors' Note
Acknowledgments
Introduction: The Meanings of Collective Memory and Generation
Part One. Revising Collective Memories
1. Collective Memories and Counter-Memories of Christopher Columbus
2. Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: Sex, Slavery, and Science
3. Abraham Lincoln: "Honest Abe" versus "the Great Emancipator"
Part Two. The Critical Years and Other Sources of Collective Memory
4. The Critical Years Hypothesis: The Idea and the Evidence
5. Cross-National Replications and Extensions
Part Three. Beyond Critical Years Effects
6. Does Emigration Affect Collective Memory?
7. Generational Experience of War and the Development of New Attitudes
8. Autobiographical Memory versus Collective Memory
9. Collective Knowledge: Findings and Losings
10. Commemoration Matters: The Past in the Present
Closing Reflections
Appendix A: Statistical Testing and Its Limitations
Appendix B: Survey Response Rates
Appendix C: Formal Tests of Critical Years Effects
Appendix D: Robustness of Standard Events Question
References
Index
About the Author
Amy Corning is a research investigator at the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. She resides in Virginia.
Howard Schuman is professor of sociology and research scientist emeritus at the University of Michigan. He is the author of many books, including, most recently, "Method and Meaning in Polls and Surveys". He lives in Maine.
Reviews
"'Generations and Collective Memories' is a terrific contribution to several literatures. Drawing on historical accounts, repeated sample surveys, survey experiments, content analysis, and literary efforts, Corning and Schuman weave a fascinating, sensitive, highly readable account of how collective memories are made and remade as history unfolds and cohorts come and go. The book is replete with examples of creative research, carefully argued themes – especially that concerning the critical years hypothesis – and keen insights, a book that will stand the test of time and inspire other work as well" – Kent Jennings, University of California, Santa Barbara, and University of Michigan (emeritus)
"This book presents fascinating research on how the collective memory of Americans (and others) changes over time. It falls at the intersection of sociology, psychology, political science, and history – at least. People in all these fields will want to read the book, and I suspect many others will, too. Bravo!" – Henry L. Roediger III, Washington University in St. Louis
"'Generations and Collective Memory' is a brilliant, and long overdue, critical reconceptualization of what have now become the most oft-cited, at times over-used, 'key terms' in contemporary memory studies. It is also humane social science at its very best – lucidly written, rich with profoundly insightful re-readings of seemingly fixed examples of 'collective memory'. This should be required reading for all who study the sociology and culture of memory" – James E. Young, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
"For thirty years Schuman and his colleagues have focused on examining how belonging to a generation affects various forms of shared memory, producing research that has shaped the course of collective memory research. Building on the theories of the important German theorist Karl Mannheim, Corning and Schuman provide a clear, concise, and compelling analysis of how belonging to a generation shapes societal commitments through shared experience and awareness. 'Generations and Collective Memory' is destined to become a touchstone work in the analysis of how history becomes integral to politics and national affiliation" – Gary Alan Fine, author of "Difficult Reputations: Collective Memories of the Evil, Inept, and Controversial"
